WAEC CHEMISTRY ANSWER
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1-10 CAACDBCABC
11-20 BDBABBBDCA
21-30 BCCABBCACB
31-40 AACDCCCBBA
41-50 ABDBBBAABB 1a ) nucleons is the collective name for two important sub-atomic particles : neutrons and protons 1b) Graham 's law of diffusion states that at a constant temperature and presure , the rate of diffusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of it density 1c ) because when aluminum is exposed to moist air, a thin continuous coating of aluminum oxide is formed , which prevents futher attack of the aluminium by atmospheric oxygen and water or steam under normal conditions 1d) i ) electron - affinity ii ) electron - negativity iii ) ionization - energy 1e ) i ) the molecule of real gases occupies space and there are forces of the attraction between them ii ) real gases do liquefy when their temperature droops . 1f ) i ) used in seperation of different component of crude oil . ii )it is used for separating acetonic from water iii ) it is used for obtaining different gases from air for industrial use . 1g) i ) concentration of ions in electrolyte ii )the nature of the electrode iii )the position of ions in the electrochemical series 1h) i ) substitution reaction ii )addition reaction 1i ) i ) carbon dioxide ii )water vapour iii ) carbon monoxide 1j ) i ) centrifugation ii )sieving iii )evaporation to dryness ================================== 2a ) i ) isotopy ii ) they have the same number of proton (atomic number) but different mass number iii ) oxygen ,carbon iv )1s ^2, 2s ^2, 2p^6 ,3 s ^2, 3p^5 2bi) PHYSICAL PROPERTIES METAL i ) high melting and boiling point ii ) they are good conductor of heat and electricity NON -MATEL i ) they have lower melting and boiling point ii )they are poor conductors of heat and electricity . CHEMICAL PROPERTIES METAL i ) they form basic and ampheric oxides ii )the react by electron lose or donation of electron NON -METAL i ) the form acidic oxides ii )the react by sharing and accepting electrons 2bii ) i ) Al 2 O 3(Aluminum oxide ) ii ) sodium hydride (NaH ) iii )zinc trioxocarbonate( iv )ZnCo 3 iv )silicon tetrachloride (SiCl 4) 2ci ) i ) variable oxidation states ii ) complex ion formation iii ) they possess strong metallic bonding 2cii ) 1s ^2, 2s ^2, 2p^6 , 3s ^2, 3p^6, 3 d^10, 4 s ^2 2ciii ) Zinc is not considered as a typical transition element bacause it has only one oxidation state of +2 , it metallic ion are not coloured and it is not used as a catalyst. 2d) Na 2Co 3 + MgCl 2 -- -- > 2NaCl + MgCo 3 1mole 1mole 2 mole 1mole molar mass of Na 2 Co 3 = 2 * 23 + 12 * 1 + 16 * 3 = 46+ 12+48 = 106g......3ai)
structral isomerism is the existance of two or more
compounds ( known as isomers) with the same
molecular formula but different molecular structures
3ai)
i) tertiary alkanol
ii) secondary alkanol
iii) primary alkanol
3bi)
i) 2[CH3 CH2 COOH ] 2K(s)---->
ii) [CH3 CH2 COO ] K + H2
i) 2[CH3 CH2 COOH ] +2 K(s) ------> 2[ CH3 CH2
COO ] K + H2
ii) CH3 CH2 COOH + C4 H9OH
HEAT---->CH3 CH2 COO C4 H9 + H20
H2SO4
iii)CH3 CH2 CH2 CH20H + H^+
KMnO4------> CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 - 0H
EXCESS
3bii)
i) potassium ethanoate,hydrogen
ii) butyl propanoate and water
iii) enthanal
3c)
the percentage composition of the hydrocarbon
= 100
H + C = 100
14.3 + C =100
C= 100 - 14.3
C= 85.7%
==============================
(4ai)
calcium chloride, CaCl2
(4aii)
to the unknown ssubstance in a gas jar, add small
quantity of lime water. if the gas is carbon(iv)oxide,
it turns lime water milky while carbon (ii) oxide has
no effect
(4bi)
oxygen is releasedf abundantly from air and nitrogen
is produced by the reaction of potassium trioxonitrate
(v) with concentrated hydrochloric acid
(4bii)
oxygen gas rekindle a lighted splint while nitrogen
does not
(4ci)
Bauxite is preferred because it is readily available in
the earth crust
(4cii)
-trioxosilicate(iii)
-carbon(iv)oxide
(4ciii)
-it helps to purify the bauxite
(4civ)
it is difficult to extract aluminium by chemical
reduction of aluminium oxide in amphoteric
(4cv)
AL2O3+NaOH=>Na2O + Al+ H20 ================================== 5ai ) Na 2S 2O 3 ===> 2 + 2x + 6 = 0 2x = 6 - 2 = 4 X = 4/2 X = 2 The oxidation number of sulphur is 2 5aii ) Rhombic & monoclinic 5aiii ) - Both are tetravalent - both are allotrope of carbon 5bi) CO2 & Chloroflorocarbon 5bii ) There is increase in sun radiation reaching the earths surface ie Global warming 5biii ) ThunderStorm 5iv ) I 2KNo 3. - -- - -- -- > 2KNO3 + O 2 2AgNo 3 -- -- - -- -- > . 2Ag + 2No 5ci ) Calcium chloride in a solution can give rise to crystal using filteration & evaporation to dryness . The sol is filtered into filtrate & residue b4 evaporation to dryness takes place . 5cii ) - Because of presence of hydrogen bonding in NH 3 - Because Iodine as higher molecular mass than chlorine 5di) Mol of Nacl = Mass / MM = 5 . 85/ 58. 01 = 0 . 1mol From the equation 2mol of Nacl gives 2mol of HCL, 0. 1mol of Nacl gives 0. 1mol of Hcl Vol of Hcl = 0. 1 x 22. 4 = 2. 24mol /dm^3.....invite your friends
